Tungsten Carbide vs High Speed Steel for Cutting Tools

Introduction

Tungsten carbide and high speed steel are the two most common cutting tool materials. Each has advantages depending on the operation, machine capability, and production requirements.

Cutting Speed

Carbide tools run at 3 to 10 times the speed of HSS tools. This is because carbide retains hardness at high temperatures. Higher speeds mean faster production and better surface finish.

Tool Life

Carbide tools last significantly longer than HSS tools between regrinds. This reduces tool changes and improves productivity. HSS tools can be resharpened many times, but carbide holds edges much longer in service.

Cost

HSS tools are cheaper upfront. However, carbide tooling's longer life and higher productivity often make it more cost effective in production machining. HSS remains preferred for low-volume or specialty operations.

Rigidity and Deflection

Carbide is stiffer than HSS, reducing deflection in cuts. This allows better tolerances and surface finish. HSS is more flexible, which can be an advantage in some operations but leads to tool vibration.

Applications

HSS is used for drills, taps, and custom tools on older machines. Carbide dominates modern CNC machining, high-speed cutting, and production operations. Many shops use both.

Conclusion

Carbide is the preferred cutting tool material for modern manufacturing. HSS still has a place, but carbide offers superior speed, tool life, and finish for production operations.

References

GB/T 7714: GUPTA R, SONG J. Powder metallurgy processing and mechanical properties of cemented tungsten carbide composites[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2020, 91: 105246.

APA 7th: Gupta, R., & Song, J. (2020). Powder metallurgy processing and mechanical properties of cemented tungsten carbide composites.

MLA 9th: Gupta, R., and J. Song. "Powder Metallurgy Processing and Mechanical Properties of Cemented Tungsten Carbide Composites."